The Finest Non-Stim Pre-Exercise, In keeping with a Registered Dietitian (2023)

In case you’ve taken pre-workout, it may be the distinction between an honest exercise and an epic coaching session. The buzzing power, laser-sharp focus, and improved bodily efficiency is sufficient to get you hooked. That’s, till you expertise jitters, nervousness, and the inevitable caffeine crash, leaving you irritable and fatigued. 

However don’t throw within the towel on pre-workouts simply but. A stim-free pre-workout often is the answer to attaining electrical lifting classes with out the uncomfortable negative effects of potent stimulants like caffeine. On this article, we share one of the best non-stim pre-workout dietary supplements that gives you the power to destroy your subsequent exercise. 

Medical disclaimer: This text is meant for instructional and informational functions solely. It isn’t supposed as an alternative to medical recommendation. For well being recommendation, contact a licensed healthcare supplier.

How We Selected the Finest Non-Stim Pre-Exercise

At Breaking Muscle, we work with a staff of reviewers and health specialists who use most of the best pre-workouts on a near-daily foundation. We’ve examined over 50 pre-workouts, together with almost a dozen stim-free merchandise.

To create the listing under, we particularly selected the best-non stim pre-workout dietary supplements primarily based on elements like high quality elements, label transparency, flavors, style, and finances. Our purpose is to share merchandise with evidence-based elements that enhance focus, energy, and endurance. We deliberately included goal-specific formulation for muscle development, elevated energy, and restoration. 

We included merchandise with quite a lot of flavors and value factors to supply one thing for each style desire and finances. In the end, it’s necessary to us to share respected manufacturers and merchandise with excessive rankings and efficient formulations to help you in your health journey. 

Our Prime Picks for the Finest Non-Stim Pre-Exercise Dietary supplements

Finest Non-Stim Pre-Exercise Total: Clear Labs Stim-Free Pre-Exercise

Clear Labs Stim-Free Pre-Exercise consists of 13 lively elements to reinforce focus and endurance with out caffeine. With elements like citrulline malate, beta-alanine, and taurine, it’s strategically designed to get you amped up for a high-intensity exercise.

The clinically efficient dose of eight grams of citrulline malate steals the present on this pre-workout. Citrulline malate converts to nitric oxide, which can enhance muscle perform and efficiency by enhancing blood movement and oxygen supply to the muscular tissues. (1) 

One other key ingredient, beta-alanine (4 grams), improves muscle endurance, reduces muscle fatigue, and promotes muscle constructing. (2) In case you’ve ever skilled itchy palms or arms after taking pre-workout, you may blame beta-alanine. Our product reviewer famous that she skilled intense tingling and itchy lips and fingertips after taking this product. However don’t fear, it’s simply short-term — she discovered that it went away after about quarter-hour.

Much more, Stim-Free incorporates betaine anhydrous, taurine, and L-tyrosine. Betaine has been proven to assist enhance physique composition, muscle measurement, and energy in resistance-trained people (3). Research present that taurine could enhance bodily efficiency and help muscle restoration after a exercise. (4) Lastly, L-tyrosine could enable for larger psychological focus and endurance. 

As in case you weren’t already impressed, Stim-Free additionally incorporates high-quality branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), recognized for his or her position in muscle protein synthesis (the manufacturing of latest muscle) and lowering soreness.

We may go on and on, however we expect it’s truthful to say Clear Lab’s stim-free pre-workout is full of research-backed elements. It’s third-party examined for banned substances and to make sure that what you see on the label is what you get. 

The product is available in eight flavors, together with bitter grape, peach mango, and cherry limeade. Flavors are naturally coloured and sweetened with stevia. Buyer evaluations on the Clear Labs web site are overwhelmingly optimistic. One buyer says, “Nice style to go together with the good pump, higher efficiency, and no jitters or hassle sleeping.”

One in every of Breaking Muscle’s product reviewers agrees. She famous that the Cherry Limeade taste was tart however not too candy and observed a strong muscle pump after taking it. One other one among our reviewers discovered it troublesome to mix properly in a shaker bottle, however says this shouldn’t be a dealbreaker in case you drink it rapidly.

Finest Non-Stim Pre-Exercise for Pump: Legion Pulse Stim Free

Legion Pulse Stim-Free pre-workout is made with 100-percent pure elements derived from vegetation and animals. It doesn’t comprise caffeine, however it’s stacked with 4 performance-enhancing elements for the final word pump. 

With eight grams of citrulline malate, Pulse helps nitric oxide manufacturing for higher blood movement and nutrient supply to the muscular tissues, which can enhance muscular endurance and energy efficiency. (1) 

Different key elements embrace beta-alanine (3.6 grams), betaine (2.5 grams), and alpha-GPC (300 milligrams), to scale back exercise-induced fatigue, promote muscle positive factors, and enhance energy. (1)(2) One examine indicated that alpha-GPC could enhance bodily energy greater than caffeine, however extra analysis is required. (5) 

Legion Pulse Stim-Free is available in seven flavors which are naturally sweetened with stevia and erythritol. Erythritol is a sugar alcohol that’s gotten numerous warmth not too long ago for brand new research suggesting it’s correlated with blood clotting. Nonetheless, this must be additional studied. (6) 

Clients give this product a double thumbs up for style and effectiveness. One buyer evaluation on the Legion web site says, “Easy clear style. Love the flavour. Retains my focus to push by way of the exercises. Elevated efficiency.”

This complement is third-party examined, so you may have consolation understanding it’s freed from banned substances and doesn’t comprise dangerous quantities of different contaminants.

At over $2.00 per serving, Legion Pulse Stim-Free is dearer than another choices, however in case you’re searching for a pre-workout made with pure elements that can get you pumped, this could be a strong selection. 

Finest Inexpensive Non-Stim Pre-Exercise: Jacked Manufacturing facility Pumpsurge Caffeine-Free Pre-Exercise

Jacked Manufacturing facility Pumpsurge pre-workout is formulated with performance-enhancing boosters and nootropic ingredients to advertise psychological focus and explosive muscle pumps, and you may take it at night time with out worrying about not falling asleep. 

The primary ingredient, L-citrulline (5 grams), is a non-essential amino acid (which means the physique can produce it by itself) that will increase nitric oxide, which reinforces blood movement and nutrient supply to muscular tissues. Nitric oxide could contribute to improved muscle fullness and development. Moreover, L-citrulline could enhance energy and energy throughout a bodybuilding workout. (7)

Different predominant elements embrace betaine and taurine. Analysis suggests betaine may improve muscle measurement and physique composition when mixed with resistance coaching. (3) Moreover, taurine could enhance muscle restoration and enhance endurance. (4)

What’s extra, this pre-workout incorporates alpha-GPC, generally labeled as a nootropic for its potential potential to enhance cognitive perform. Alpha-GPC may help higher reminiscence, studying, and focus. 

Pumpsurge is on the market in Cherry Limeade, Strawberry Lemonade, and Watermelon. All choices are flavored with citric acid, pure flavors, and sucralose. Sucralose is a man-made sweetener that’s thought-about protected to be used in meals. (8) 

Buyer evaluations on Amazon go away this product a 4.2 out of 5 stars score. One buyer writes, “I wanted a non-stim pre-workout attributable to nervousness and coronary heart palpitations and these things is ideal! The pump is nice and provides me the power I have to get by way of a exercise.”

On the draw back, this product isn’t third-party examined. Third-party examined merchandise are examined for banned substances and doubtlessly dangerous contaminants. Ideally, dietary supplements are third-party examined so that buyers know precisely what they’re ingesting. 

At $1.00 per serving, this product is essentially the most inexpensive stim-free pre-workout on our listing. That’s a discount that’s exhausting to beat. 

RELATED: Best Protein Powders for Weight Loss, Muscle Gain, and More

Finest All-Pure Non-Stim Pre-Exercise: Bare Diet Pre-Exercise

Bare Diet’s All-Pure Non-Stim pre-workout is made with 11 non-GMO, vegan, and gluten-free elements. It’s formulated with elements and micronutrients that may improve athletic efficiency with out the caffeine crash. 

You get two grams of CarnoSyn beta-alanine and 0.5 grams of Nitrosigine arginine silicate inositol to advertise nitric oxide manufacturing for improved blood movement, focus, and power. Nitrosigine has been proven to lift power ranges and enhance muscle pump. (9) CarnoSyn is a patented beta-alanine that’s undergone rigorous testing to confirm security and high quality. Over 55 scientific research point out that CarnoSyn helps enhance focus, muscle development, and endurance. 

Like many different pre-workouts, this consists of citrulline malate (one gram) for improved muscle perform and efficiency. Nonetheless, the dose is decrease than the advisable dose of eight grams day by day. It additionally incorporates B nutritional vitamins (niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folate) for environment friendly power manufacturing.

This all-natural stim-free pre-workout is made with out synthetic sweeteners, colours, and flavors. Buyer evaluations on Amazon usually disapprove of the “unflavored” style, however approve of the product’s effectiveness. One buyer says, “The style is horrible however the product works. I take it half-hour earlier than my exercise and I get numerous power.”

We haven’t tried the non-stim model, however we have now examined the caffeinated pre-workout and agree with this buyer’s sentiments. It tastes bitter when blended in water. We advise mixing it in a flavored beverage to masks the style. You’ll be able to even combine it together with your favourite whey protein powder for a pre-workout snack.

The product is independently third-party examined, and you may really feel assured that you simply received’t be ingesting poisonous ranges of heavy metals when taking it. 

It’s priced at an inexpensive $1.20 per serving — not unhealthy for an all-natural stim-free pre-workout and cheaper than different merchandise whose high quality isn’t nearly as good. 

Finest Non-Stim Pre-Exercise With Creatine: Kaged Pre-Kaged Stim Free

Kaged Pre-Kaged Stim-Free is full of elements that can assist you dominate your subsequent lifting session. It’s one of many few non-stim pre-workouts with creatine HCL (1.5 grams) for maximized energy and energy.

Creatine is understood to reinforce muscle perform and pace up muscle positive factors. Creatine monohydrate is essentially the most researched and fashionable creatine available on the market, however creatine HCL is beginning to climb the listing of the best creatine dietary supplements. Analysis means that creatine HCL might be extra absorbable and lead to larger physique composition modifications. (10)

L-citrulline (6.5 grams) is the primary ingredient of Pre-Kaged Stim-Free. As talked about earlier than, L-citrulline will increase nitric oxide manufacturing and enhances blood movement to muscular tissues. L-citrulline could enhance energy, bodily efficiency, and restoration. (7)

In contrast to another stim-free dietary supplements, this one incorporates BCAA’s to maximise muscle protein synthesis and support in restoration. Leucine is particularly necessary for exciting muscle development and inhibiting muscle degradation. 

Different elements embrace BetaPower betaine anhydrous and Carnosyn beta-alanine to activate energy, endurance, and muscle development.

Much more, Pre-Kaged Stim-Free consists of B nutritional vitamins and L-tyrosine for improved power and focus. Vitamin B12 supplementation has been proven to enhance reminiscence and a spotlight in those that have been poor. (11)

There are solely two taste selections — Cherry Bomb and Fruit Punch. Each are naturally flavored and comprise one gram of sugar. Clients who left evaluations on the Kaged web site usually approve of the style. One buyer says, “Among the best formulated pre-workouts available on the market and nice tasting, which is a bonus.”

The Breaking Muscle workers agrees. One in every of our product testers gave this pre-workout a strong 4.5 stars out 5. He used it earlier than his afternoon exercises and beloved the sturdy pump he acquired from it. He tried the Strawberry Lemonade taste, which is now not accessible as of this writing, however famous that it tasted identical to a strawberry lemonade you’d get from a restaurant.

Breaking Muscle Critiques Editor Amanda Dvorak has additionally tried the Fruit Punch taste in Kaged’s Pre-Kaged Sport pre-workout and claims that it’s her favourite taste out of each different pre-workout she’s used. We expect it’s protected to say that the Fruit Punch taste within the non-stim system is simply as tasty.

At $2.25 per serving, Kaged Pre-Kaged Stim-Free pre-workout is on the dearer facet, however it’s filled with energy-producing, performance-enhancing elements that may make it price it. 

Finest Tasting Non-Stim Pre-Exercise: Ghost Pump Nitric Oxide 

Ghost Pump Nitric Oxide pre-workout is formulated to provide you a large pump with out the stimulants. Components are vegan-friendly, soy-free, and gluten-free.

You’ll be able to select from Bitter Watermelon, Pineapple, Peach, or ‘Natty’ (a.okay.a unflavored). Flavors are sweetened with stevia extract and comprise zero grams of sugar. 

If one factor’s for certain, prospects love the flavour of Ghost Pump Nitric Oxide pre-workout. On Amazon, one buyer evaluation says, “I had pineapple, which was tasty. Mixes fairly dang simply and in a full scoop solely left a tiny quantity of residue on the backside of the cup.” One other buyer that approves of the style says, “It is a nice tasting complement and delivers the outcomes vital for profitable exercises.”

The three grams of L-citrulline present blood movement enhancement, which can bolster energy and help restoration. (7) Arginine nitrate (1.5 grams) additionally improves nitric oxide manufacturing for higher oxygen supply to the muscular tissues and will improve train efficiency and endurance. The ultimate predominant ingredient, taurine (one gram), could amplify energy and energy and play a job in restoration. (4)

Train can enhance the manufacturing of free-radicals within the physique, contributing to mobile injury and illness over time. Nonetheless, Pump Nitric Oxide incorporates PureWay-C, a supply of vitamin C that helps the immune system and protects cells from injury attributable to free radicals. 

The product isn’t third-party examined, which can deter athletes who worth understanding that what they see on the label is what they’re getting within the product. 

At $1.00 per serving, this tasty non-stim pre-workout offers you the elements you want for a robust pump at a superb value. 

Finest Non-Stim Pre-Exercise for Focus: Genius Pre-Exercise Powder

Genius Pre is a caffeine-free, nootropic-based pre-workout stacked with elements that can assist you broaden your bodily capabilities. Not solely that however it’s formulated with cognitive-enhancing elements that can assist you keep within the zone throughout your exercise. 

A Breaking Muscle product tester who tried this pre-workout appreciated how targeted it made him throughout his exercise. He says, “It nearly felt like taking a temper stabilizer…I used to be relaxed, not stimulated; clear, and able to take motion.”

Genius Pre is full of efficient doses of citrulline malate (six grams), CarnoSyn beta alanine (two grams) and betaine (two grams) to raise nitric oxide manufacturing, enhance blood movement, and strengthen the mind-muscle connection for stronger, extra highly effective exercises.

Apart from these ergogenic elements, Genius Pre incorporates nootropics for improved cognitive perform. L-tyrosine has been proven to enhance cognitive flexibility throughout task-switching efficiency. (12) Furthermore, alpha-GPC could help focus and reminiscence so that you’re totally engaged in your coaching session. Huperzine A has additionally been proven to enhance cognitive perform in sure populations, although its results on exercised people will not be properly studied. 

Genius Pre is on the market in 4 flavors, together with Bitter Apple and Blue Raspberry. We particularly love the Blue Raspberry taste, which reminds us of a blue slushee. The product is freed from synthetic flavors and sweeteners and is sweetened with stevia.

Relating to style and solubility, one buyer evaluation on Amazon says, “The style is surprisingly good, which makes it pleasant to drink. My solely minor concern is that it tends to clump up often, however just a few further shakes resolve that.”

It’s not third-party examined, which may discourage customers who worth understanding precisely what’s of their dietary supplements. 

At $1.89 per serving, it will not be the most suitable choice for these with a good finances, however the nootropics could warrant the additional spending. 

Finest Non-Stim Pre-Exercise for Muscle Achieve: Swolverine PRE

Swolverine PRE pure non-stim pre-workout combines performance-improving elements and antioxidant-rich superfoods for a really distinctive system. This gluten-free, vegan product is designed that can assist you work out tougher and longer to attain most positive factors. 

Collectively, citrulline malate (5 grams), beta-alanine (3.2 grams), betaine (2.5 grams), and L-carnitine (1.5 grams) delay muscle fatigue, enhance physique composition and muscular efficiency, enhance energy output, and support in restoration. These useful elements serve to gasoline tougher coaching classes to set off muscle development. 

Moreover, Swolverine PRE incorporates antioxidant-rich elements for improved blood movement and cognition. Coconut water powder incorporates electrolytes that help hydration. Ginseng is an adaptogen that will scale back stress and irritation. (13) 

Swolverine PRE is available in two distinctive flavors — Mango Lemonade and Strawberry Dragonfruit. Flavors are sweetened with stevia and by no means comprise synthetic flavors or sweeteners. One Breaking Muscle evaluations staff member enjoys the refreshing style of the Mango Lemonade taste however famous that he tasted extra mango than lemonade.

One buyer evaluation on the Swolverine web site says, “Works properly – undoubtedly gives a lift in power and focus. Tastes good. No negative effects apart from the anticipated beta-alanine tingles.”

The product isn’t third-party examined for banned substances and contaminants, and it’s on the dearer facet in comparison with others that value $1.00 per serving. Although it’s expensive, it’s crammed with elements that can assist you achieve energy and get swole.

RELATED: Best Protein Powders for Muscle Gain

Finest Non-Stim Pre-Exercise for Restoration: Onnit Whole Power + Efficiency Stimulant-Free Pre-Exercise

Onnit Power + Efficiency pre-workout is a mix of adaptogens (substances that may provide help to adapt to emphasize), micronutrients, and BCAAs formulated to advertise bodily efficiency with out stimulants. It’s designed with protected, clinically confirmed elements that gives you the sting you’re searching for with out jitters, nervousness, or substances that make you are feeling in contrast to your self. 

This non-stim pre-workout incorporates three proprietary blends for efficiency, energy, and help.

The efficiency mix is made with BCAAs, glutamine, and Carnosyn beta-alanine. Glutamine, an amino acid not included in most pre-workout dietary supplements, can assist your muscular tissues rebuild and restore themselves, scale back muscle soreness, and support in restoration. (14) Carnosyn beta-alanine can enhance muscular endurance and fights fatigue. 

The ability mix incorporates botanical elements like longjack root extract and nettle root extract. These elements could elevate testosterone ranges and muscle energy. (15)

Lastly, the help mix incorporates purple clover extract for protecting antioxidants and to help hormonal steadiness. It additionally consists of luteolin, which helps scale back irritation and promote optimum testosterone manufacturing. (16)

As if that wasn’t sufficient, the product incorporates B nutritional vitamins that help power manufacturing and relieve stress. 

Onnit Power + Efficiency is barely accessible in two flavors — Strawberry Lemonade and Pink Grapefruit. Flavors are sweetened with stevia, maltodextrin, and monk fruit extract. Clients who left evaluations on the Onnit web site usually agree that the product is efficient however doesn’t style nice. One buyer writes, “There’s undoubtedly a bump in efficiency with this, particularly with no caffeine or stim. Nonetheless, the style is especially unhealthy.”

The product is third-party examined so you may really feel assured you’re not ingesting dangerous quantities of poisonous contaminants. At $2.00 per serving, it’s pricier than a number of different choices, however with the added glutamine and micronutrients, it’s possible you’ll be getting your cash’s price. 

What Are the Advantages of a Non-Stim Pre-Exercise?

You might already know what pre-workout supplements do, however why do you have to care about stim-free pre-workouts?

Non-stim pre-workouts usually comprise nitric oxide boosters that enhance blood movement and oxygen supply to the muscular tissues. Elevated nitric oxide manufacturing can result in higher muscle pumps and vascularity. 

They nonetheless comprise energy-boosting elements, like Carnosyn beta-alanine and alpha-GPC, that sharpen focus and enhance productiveness. Moreover, many embrace B nutritional vitamins for power manufacturing, so you may effectively convert the meals you eat into gasoline in your exercises. 

As a result of they’re freed from caffeine, you don’t have to fret about uncomfortable negative effects like jitters, a racing coronary heart fee, restlessness, and the inevitable caffeine crash that hits later. You’ll be able to take them earlier than a night or late-night exercise with out experiencing insomnia when it’s time to get some shut-eye. 

Non-stim pre-workouts will be stacked with different dietary supplements or drinks that will comprise caffeine with out surpassing what’s thought-about a protected quantity of stimulants. It’s not advisable to exceed 400 milligrams of caffeine day by day.

They’re supreme for people who’re delicate to caffeine or different stimulants and want to keep away from negative effects whereas nonetheless feeling invigorated whereas exercising. 

What To Take into account When Searching for a Non-Stim Pre-Exercise

When deciding on a caffeine-free pre-workout, a number of features ought to be taken under consideration to make sure it’s one of the best match. 

Value

In case you’re on a good finances, search for non-stim pre-workout dietary supplements that value lower than $2.00 per serving. Jacked Manufacturing facility Pumpsurge Caffeine-Free Pre-Exercise and Ghost Pump Nitric Oxide, which each value round $1.00 per serving, gives you extra bang in your buck. 

Pre-workouts that value $2.00 per serving or extra could embrace much less frequent pre-workout elements like glutamine and creatine. These elements are helpful for muscle positive factors and restoration, however they will not be vital in a pre-workout in case you take them individually or in the event that they’re in one other complement you are taking often. 

Components

Widespread non-stim elements embrace citrulline malate, beta-alanine, betaine, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), and taurine. These elements can present highly effective exercise-enhancing advantages. They promote nitric oxide manufacturing, enhance endurance, stimulate muscle development, intensify focus, and help restoration. 

Third-Celebration Testing

Ideally, you need to select merchandise which are third-party examined. Third-party testing is completed by unbiased organizations comparable to Knowledgeable Selection or NSF Licensed for Sport that present unbiased evaluations of merchandise to make sure they meet high quality requirements and shopper security protocols. They check for potential contaminants and toxins to make sure shopper security. 

Dosing

Search for non-stim pre-workouts that embrace elements in advisable dosages for the simplest outcomes. For instance, day by day suggestions of L-citrulline and citrulline malate are roughly three to 6 grams and eight grams, respectively. Beta-alanine is efficient in doses of roughly two to 5 grams day by day. 

Closing Ideas

Stim-free pre-workout is an efficient software that may improve train efficiency with out caffeine or different stimulants that may result in disagreeable negative effects. Utilizing science-based elements, like nitric oxide boosters, taurine, and betaine, one of the best non-stim pre-workouts enhance endurance, muscle pump, energy, and restoration. These dietary supplements are perfect for athletes who work out within the evenings, are delicate to stimulants, or need to keep away from jitters and caffeine crashes. 

Finest Non-Stim Pre-Exercise: Facet-by-Facet Comparability

FAQs

Analysis

1. Gough, L.A., Sparks, S.A., McNaughton, L.R. et al. A important evaluation of citrulline malate supplementation and train efficiency. Eur J Appl Physiol 121, 3283–3295 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-021-04774-6
2. Saunders B, Elliott-Sale Okay, Artioli GG, et al. β-alanine supplementation to improve exercise capacity and performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports activities Med. 2017;51(8):658-669. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096396
3. Cholewa JM, Wyszczelska-Rokiel M, Glowacki R, et al. Results of betaine on physique composition, efficiency, and homocysteine thiolactone. J Int Soc L-Sports activities Nutr. 2013;10(1):39. Revealed 2013 Aug 22. doi:10.1186/1550-2783-10-39
4. Kurtz, J.A., VanDusseldorp, T.A., Doyle, J.A. et al. Taurine in sports activities and train. J Int Soc Sports activities Nutr 18, 39 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-021-00438-0
5. Parker AG, Byars A, Purpura M, Jäger R. The consequences of alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine, caffeine or placebo on markers of temper, cognitive perform, energy, pace, and agility. J Int Soc Sports activities Nutr. 2015;12(Suppl 1):P41. Revealed 2015 Sep 21. doi:10.1186/1550-2783-12-S1-P41
6. Witkowski M, Nemet I, Alamri H, et al. The substitute sweetener erythritol and cardiovascular occasion threat. Nat Med. 2023;29(3):710-718. doi:10.1038/s41591-023-02223-9
7. Gonzalez AM, Trexler ET. Results of Citrulline Supplementation on Train Efficiency in People: A Overview of the Present Literature. J Power Cond Res. 2020;34(5):1480-1495. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000003426
8. Grotz VL, Munro IC. An summary of the protection of sucralose. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2009;55(1):1-5. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2009.05.011
9. Rood-Ojalvo S, Sandler D, Veledar E, Komorowski J. The advantages of inositol-stabilized arginine silicate as a exercise ingredient. J Int Soc Sports activities Nutr. 2015;12(Suppl 1):P14. Revealed 2015 Sep 21. doi:10.1186/1550-2783-12-S1-P14
10. França, E. , Avelar, B. , Yoshioka, C. , Santana, J. , Madureira, D. , Rocha, L. , Zocoler, C. , Rossi, F. , Lira, F. , Rodrigues, B. and Caperuto, É. (2015) Creatine HCl and Creatine Monohydrate Enhance Power however Solely Creatine HCl Induced Modifications on Physique Composition in Leisure Weightlifters. Meals and Diet Sciences, 6, 1624-1630. doi: 10.4236/fns.2015.617167.
11. Jatoi S, Hafeez A, Riaz SU, Ali A, Ghauri MI, Zehra M. Low Vitamin B12 Ranges: An Underestimated Trigger Of Minimal Cognitive Impairment And Dementia. Cureus. 2020;12(2):e6976. Revealed 2020 Feb 13. doi:10.7759/cureus.6976
12. Steenbergen L, Sellaro R, Hommel B, Colzato LS. Tyrosine promotes cognitive flexibility: proof from proactive vs. reactive management throughout activity switching efficiency. Neuropsychologia. 2015;69:50-55. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.022
13. Lee S, Rhee DK. Results of ginseng on stress-related despair, nervousness, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. J Ginseng Res. 2017;41(4):589-594. doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2017.01.010
14. Legault Z, Bagnall N, Kimmerly DS. The Affect of Oral L-Glutamine Supplementation on Muscle Power Restoration and Soreness Following Unilateral Knee Extension Eccentric Train. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2015;25(5):417-426. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0209
15. Chen CK, Mohamad WM, Ooi FK, Ismail SB, Abdullah MR, George A. Supplementation of Eurycoma longifolia Jack Extract for six Weeks Does Not Have an effect on Urinary Testosterone: Epitestosterone Ratio, Liver and Renal Features in Male Leisure Athletes. Int J Prev Med. 2014;5(6):728-733.
16. Martin LJ, Touaibia M. Enchancment of Testicular Steroidogenesis Utilizing Flavonoids and Isoflavonoids for Prevention of Late-Onset Male Hypogonadism. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020;9(3):237. Revealed 2020 Mar 13. doi:10.3390/antiox9030237